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How do we see in depth given that the receptive surfaces of our eyes (retinas) are relatively planar? In binocular vision, the input to 2 eyes can be compared centrally for spatial disparties resulting from the different angles of regard of the two eyes. Binocular temporal disparities provide similar experiences to binocular spatial disparities.
We can also experience depth when viewing with a single eye. One or many monocular depth cues can be used to provide an experience of depth. Linear perspective and Gaussian blurring provide the illusion of depth in the figure above. Which of the horizontal yellow bars appears longer? After you answer, measure them. What do you find? Look at the image with both eyes and then with each eye.
In the figure below, linear perspective and shading provide the basis of the illusion. Note the seemingly indented lettering.
